Less commonly, a child becomes rigid or has twitches in only a portion of the body. Most febrile seizures last a minute or two; some can be as brief as a few seconds, while others last for more than 15 minutes. Febrile seizures usually occur in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years and are particularly common in toddlers. A few factors appear to boost a child's risk of having recurrent febrile seizures, including young age (less than 15 months) during the first seizures, frequent fevers, and having immediate family members with a history of febrile seizures.

Symptoms

A febrile seizure may be diagnosed by the health care provider when a grand mal seizure occurs in a child with a fever and no prior history of seizure disorders ( epilepsy ). In infants and young children, it is important to rule out other causes for a first-time seizure, especially meningitis.

Jerking or twitching of the arms, legs or face. When a seizure starts, the child may pass out. He or she may not be aware of the jerking. The child may urinate or have a bowel movement without knowing it, or may throw up. After the seizure, the child may seem irritable, confused, or sleepy.

Causes

The first febrile seizure is one of life's most frightening moments for parents. Most parents are afraid that their child will die or have brain damage. Thankfully, simple febrile seizures are harmless. There is no evidence that simple febrile seizures cause death, brain damage, epilepsy, mental retardation, a decrease in IQ, or learning difficulties.

Simple febrile seizures are considered a genetic disorder, but neither a specific locus nor a specific pattern of inheritance has been described. The mode of inheritance is likely to vary between families and may be multifactorial.

In the past, febrile seizures occasionally occurred on the day children received the diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccination. However, this vaccine has been replaced by a newer version, commonly called DTaP. Febrile seizures may rarely occur eight to 14 days after a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. Low-grade fevers can occur after any childhood vaccine.

Treatment

It’s not necessary to lower your child's fever to stop a febrile seizure. So don't try to give your child fever medications during a seizure. For the same reason, don't place your child in a cooling tub of water. It's much more practical, more comfortable — and safer — for your child to remain lying on the carpet or a bed.

Most febrile seizures stop on their own within a couple of minutes. If your child has a febrile seizure that lasts more than five minutes — or if your child has repeated seizures call for emergency medical attention.

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